Gatineau Quebec
 
Potential train activity-related fire
 
Vicinity of Mile 98.3, Canadian National Ashcroft Subdivision Lytton, British Columbia (as reported by BC Wildfire Service) 30 Jun 2021.
 
The occurrence
 
On 30 Jun 2021 at approximately 16:48 Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), a fire was reported near the Canadian National (CN) right-of-way in the vicinity of Mile 98.14 of the CN Ashcroft Subdivision, just west of the town of Lytton, British Columbia (BC).
 
The fire grew rapidly due to the extreme hot and dry conditions combined with high velocity winds, and ultimately devastated the majority of the structures in the town's downtown area.
 
Train C73152-29, a westbound Canadian Pacific (CP) loaded unit coal train (157 cars), operated by CN Crew, was the last train to pass through Lytton on the CN Ashcroft Subdivision prior to the first report of fire.
 
The train operated through the suspected area of the fire's origin at about 16:30, about 18 minutes prior to the reporting of the fire.
 
It was travelling at 25 mph (40 kph) with low to moderate throttle to maintain speed.
 
CP 300-29 was the last train to pass through the Lytton area eastbound on the CP Thompson Subdivision prior to the 1st report of the fire.
 
There was no occurrence reported to the TSB by either CN or CP, nor were they aware of any such occurrence when specifically asked by the TSB.
 
CP Train C73152-29 - Railways Agreement in the Lytton Area
 
The CP train C73152-29 was operated by a CN crew as this section of track is under a directional running agreement between CN and CP.
 
Loaded trains of both railways operate westward on the CN Ashcroft Subdivision and empty trains of both railways operate eastward on the CP Thompson Subdivision.
 
Directional running takes advantage of CN's predominantly river grade through the mountains towards the coast, saving both railways fuel costs and lowering the carbon footprint of railway operations through BC.
 

Forward-facing video from the lead locomotive on train C73152-29 at about 16:30 PDT looking west as the train approaches the crossing at Mile 98.14 - Canadian Pacific Railway.

TSB Involvement
 
Based on additional information received from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and British Columbia Wildfire Service (BCWS), and in light of the presence of rolling stock in the immediate vicinity of the fire within minutes of the fire first being reported, the TSB had reasonable grounds to believe that there was a situation or condition that could induce an accident or incident (i.e. a fire caused by rolling stock).
 
The TSB deployed an investigator on 9 Jul 2021 to gather information, examine and photograph the area, and assess the circumstances to determine if the rolling stock that passed through Lytton could have caused or sustained a fire.
 
TSB Assessment
 
The TSB took the following steps to assess the circumstances:

• TSB confirmed with CN and CP that no rail grinding activities or track work had taken place in the area that day or in the days before the 1st report of fire on 30 Jun 2021;
   
  
• TSB's investigator inspected the train C73152-29 after it had been off-loaded and was secured in Burnaby, BC, looking for signs of hot bearings, burnt brake heads, built-up tread, and other potential fire-creating causes. No anomalies were noted. Transport Canada had also performed a safety inspection of the train earlier at the request of the RCMP and noted no anomalies;
   
  
• A TSB investigator met with a BCWS fire origin investigator in Lytton;
   
  
• Interviews were conducted with railway employees engaged in operating trains in the area or in maintenance activities. No anomalies were observed or reported.

Substance Sample Analysis

• The BCWS expressed interest in samples of a black, carbonaceous, coal-like substance, gathered from a location on the west side of the track near Mile 98.14 of the CN Ashcroft Subdivision, as a possible source of ignition and conducted a laboratory analysis of the substance;
   
  
• The TSB also collected samples of the substance which were sent to TSB's Engineering Laboratory for material analysis. Comparison samples gathered from a locomotive exhaust stack and a rail grinder vehicle were also collected and sent to the TSB lab for analysis. The spectral results revealed that the 3 analyzed samples have little in common.

Locomotives Recorders

• The TSB requested the lead and mid-train forward-facing videos (FFV) from C73152-29 and FFV from CP 300-29 from both CN and CP;
   
  
• TSB investigators examined the data from the last 2 hot box detectors encountered by C73152-29 located at Seddall, Mile 82.8 and Lasha, Mile 96.5. There were no anomalies noted;
   
  
• TSB investigators downloaded and reviewed data from the train C73152-29 locomotive event recorder from the lead locomotive and the tail end remote locomotive. There were no anomalies noted with the operation of the train through Lytton.

Load Testing

• TSB's investigator attended load testing, which simulates the operation of the locomotive under load, of the 3 locomotives from train C73152-29.

During this test, the diesel engine is cycled up to maximum operating RPM while the locomotive is stationary and output horsepower is measured. No sparking was noted during the load testing of either of the 3 locomotives. Exhaust stacks of the locomotives were also inspected and found to be clear of carbon build up.
 
Other investigation activities

• The TSB attempted to determine if satellite images of the Lytton area were available for the time frame encompassing the passage of the last train through the area at about 16:30 PDT and the time of the 1st report of fire in Lytton at 16:48 PDT. No images were available.

Conclusion
 
A fire is reportable to the TSB as a transportation occurrence if it is known that the operation of railway rolling stock causes or sustains a fire.
 
There has been no report of such an occurrence made to the TSB by either railway that operates through the area.
 
The TSB has conducted significant investigative work to determine if there was a definitive connection between railway operations through Lytton, and the fire that destroyed the town on 30 Jun 2021.
 
The TSB investigation has not identified any link between railway operations and the fire.
 
Further effort, beyond a Class 5 TSB investigation, is not warranted unless new information establishes that a TSB reportable event (i.e. an accident or incident involving rolling stock) occurred.
 
The wildfire remains under investigation by BC Wildfire Service.
 
The RCMP are conducting a preliminary inquiry to determine the need for a parallel criminal investigation.
 
Author unknown.